Procédure technique : Supervision Debian avec Prometheus & Grafana

1. Installation du poste Debian

 Installer Debian 13 “Trixie”
 Configurer l’interface réseau
 Créer l’utilisateur eugène avec sudo
 Activer le serveur SSH

2. Configuration SSH

<code>sudo systemctl enable --now ssh
  sudo ufw allow ssh</code>

3. Installation de Prometheus

<code>cd /opt
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.49.1/prometheus-2.49.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf prometheus-2.49.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.49.1.linux-amd64 prometheus</code>

4. Configuration du service Prometheus

<code>sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus
sudo mkdir /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
sudo cp /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/
sudo cp /opt/prometheus/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus</code>

Fichier systemd

<code>[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
  --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus \
  --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9091

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target</code>

<code>sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now prometheus</code>

5. Installation de Node Exporter

<code>cd /opt
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.7.0/node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-1.7.0.linux-amd64 node_exporter</code>

<code>sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin node_exporter
sudo cp /opt/node_exporter/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown node_exporter:node_exporter /usr/local/bin/node_exporter</code>

Fichier systemd

<code>[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=node_exporter
Group=node_exporter
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target</code>

<code>sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now node_exporter</code>

6. Configuration Prometheus pour Node Exporter

<code>sudo nano /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml</code>

Contenu corrigé

<code>global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets: []

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "prometheus"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9091"]

  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9100"]</code>

<code>promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
sudo systemctl restart prometheus</code>

7. Installation de Grafana via dépôt APT

<code>sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https wget gpg
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
wget -q -O - https://apt.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg] https://apt.grafana.com stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grafana
sudo systemctl enable --now grafana-server</code>

8. Configuration Grafana

 Accéder à http://IP_DE_TA_VM:3000
 Login : admin / Mot de passe : admin
 Ajouter une source Prometheus : http://localhost:9091

9. Import du dashboard Node Exporter Full

 Menu → + Import
 ID du dashboard : 1860
 Associer à la source Prometheus
 Cliquer sur Import